Illustration created for this project.
Abraham
The founding patriarch of Israel, called by God from Ur to Canaan and promised descendants as numerous as the stars. Father of Isaac by Sarah.
What we know — and how we know it
Bible — stated in scripture (with verse) · 2
Archaeology — physical evidence · 1
Scholarly — supported scholarly belief · 1
Origin & birthplace
Cave of the Patriarchs (Machpelah), Hebron — massive Herodian enclosure wall (1st c. BC), ashlar masonry comparable to Herod's Temple Mount platform; architectural study by L.-H. Vincent, E. J. H. Mackay & F.-M. Abel, Hébron: Le Haram el-Khalil, sépulture des patriarches (Paris: Leroux, 1923); textual attribution cf. Genesis 23
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Hebron
Family & lineage
BibleFather of Ishmael by Hagar and of Isaac by Sarah; the father of many nations.
Genesis 21:2–3; 17:5
Death & legacy
ScholarlyAbraham is placed in the patriarchal age (c. 2000–1800 BC); the customs and names in Genesis fit the 2nd millennium BC, though his historicity is debated.
Ancient Near Eastern parallels
Where in scripture
GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshua1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesNehemiahPsalmsIsaiahJeremiahEzekielMicahMatthewMarkLuke
Genesis 11:26Genesis 12:1Genesis 17:5Genesis 19:27Genesis 19:29Genesis 28:4Genesis 31:42Genesis 31:53Genesis 32:9Genesis 35:12Genesis 35:27Genesis 48:15Genesis 48:16Genesis 49:30Genesis 49:31Genesis 50:13Genesis 50:24Exodus 2:24Exodus 3:6Exodus 4:5Exodus 6:3Exodus 6:8Exodus 32:13Exodus 33:1
…and 38 more mentions
Family
In their own words — 30 recorded sayings
“Now when he came near to Egypt, he said to Sarai, his wife, Truly, you are a fair woman and beautiful to the eye; And I am certain that when the men of Egypt see you, they will say, This is his wife: and they will put me to death and keep you. Say, then, that you are my sister, and so it will be well with me because of you, and my life will be kept safe on your account.” — Genesis 12:11-13
“Then Abram said to Lot, Let there be no argument between me and you, and between my herdmen and your herdmen, for we are brothers. Is not all the land before you? then let us go our separate ways: if you go to the left, I will go to the right; or if you take the right, I will go to the left.” — Genesis 13:8-9
“But Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have taken an oath to the Lord, the Most High God, maker of heaven and earth, That I will not take so much as a thread or the cord of a shoe of yours; so that you may not say, I have given wealth to Abram: Give me nothing but the food which the fighting-men who went with me have had; but let Aner and Eshcol and Mamre have their part of the goods.” — Genesis 14:22-24
“And Abram said, What will you give me? for I have no child and this Eliezer of Damascus will have all my wealth after me. And Abram said, You have given me no child, and a servant in my house will get the heritage.” — Genesis 15:2-3
“And he said, O Lord God, how may I be certain that it will be mine?” — Genesis 15:8
“And Abram said, The woman is in your power; do with her whatever seems good to you. And Sarai was cruel to her, so that she went running away from her.” — Genesis 16:6
“Then Abraham went down on his face, and laughing, said in his heart, May a man a hundred years old have a child? will Sarah, at ninety years old, give birth? And Abraham said to God, If only Ishmael's life might be your care!” — Genesis 17:17-18
“And said, My Lord, if now I have grace in your eyes, do not go away from your servant: Let me get water for washing your feet, and take your rest under the tree: And let me get a bit of bread to keep up your strength, and after that you may go on your way: for this is why you have come to your servant. And they said, Let it be so.” — Genesis 18:3-5
…and 22 more recorded sayings.
Speaker attribution: Clear Bible MACULA (CC BY 4.0). Wording: Bible in Basic English (public domain).
Journeys
The journey of Abraham
Called by God, Abraham left Ur and travelled the length of the Fertile Crescent into the land of promise.
- Ur · c. 2091 BC — His home city; called by God to go
- Haran · c. 2085 BC — Settles for a time with his father Terah
- Shechem · c. 2081 BC — Enters Canaan; God appears and promises the land
- Bethel · c. 2080 BC — Builds an altar to the Lord
- Egypt · c. 2079 BC — Goes down to escape a famine
- Bethel · c. 2078 BC — Returns and parts from Lot
- Hebron · c. 2070 BC — Settles by the oaks of Mamre
Events
Places in their life
Photo: Steve Harris — CC BY-SA 2.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)
Photo: Anonymous Russian manuscript illuminators, 1560-1570s Facial Chronicle (Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible) (in 10 volumes: pdf, pdf with translation)Public domain image — Public domain (via Wikimedia Commons)
Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) — CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)
Photo: Francis Frith — CC0 (via Wikimedia Commons)
Photo: KennyOMG — CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)
Photo: Oren Rozen — CC BY-SA 4.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)
In art











